Abstract
La Salle and Ebro Observatory have been involved in remote sensing projects in Antarctica for the last 11 years (approximately one solar cycle). The Ebro Observatory has been monitoring and analyzing the geomagnetic and the ionospheric activity in the Antarctic Spanish station Juan Carlos I (ASJI) (62.7°S, 299.6°E) for more than eighteen and ten years, respectively. La Salle has two main goals in the project. The first one is the data transmission and reception from Antarctica to Spain to obtain a historical series of measurements of channel sounding of this 12,760-km ionospheric HF (high frequency) radio link. The second one is the establishment of a stable data low power communication system between the ASJI and Cambrils, Spain (41.0°N, 1.0°E), to transmit the data from the remote sensors located on the island. In this paper, both narrowband and wideband soundings have been carried out to figure out the channel availability performed using a frequency range from 2 to 30 MHz with 0.5 MHz step during the 24 h of the day, encompassing wider channel measurements than previously done, in terms of hours and frequency. This paper presents the results obtained for the austral summer in 2014, using a monopole antenna at the transmitter and an inverted V on the receiver side. These results led us to the final physical layer design for the long Remote Sens. 2015, 7 11713 haul link, dividing the day into two parts: daytime, with low data throughput design, and nighttime, reaching high data throughput.
Highlights
Analyzing the ionosphere and the magnetic field in Antarctica is an important contribution to understand the Earth’s phenomena concerning geophysical science
The results presented in this paper shed light on the knowledge of this long haul link, and help us to design the physical layer characteristics remaining from previous studies [6,7,8], where less carrier frequencies were used and the tests were not performed during the entire day
The frequency of largest availability (FLA) for a particular time is shown as a dashed line
Summary
Analyzing the ionosphere and the magnetic field in Antarctica is an important contribution to understand the Earth’s phenomena concerning geophysical science. Radio-communication systems, and contributes to ionospheric science, for example ionospheric noises are found to affect the HF radar-based ocean current mapping [1,2]. Vertical and oblique sounding techniques are frequently used to obtain the characteristics of the ionospheric communications channel for a given radio link. The geomagnetic observatories have been the magnetic field variations in fixed locations collecting for years, having a wide range of time scales, from seconds to centuries, to make the understanding of the behavior of the magnetic field of the Earth possible. The ASJI has a geomagnetic observatory with the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Code LIV.
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