Abstract
AbstractThis paper summarizes the soft X‐ray properties of narrow‐line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1). NLS1 have generally steeper soft X‐ray continuum slopes than Seyfert 1s with broader lines, and there exists an anticorrelation between 0.1–2.4 keV continuum slope and the FWHM of the Hβ line. Objects with steep 0.1–2.4 keV continuum slopes and Hβ FWHM > 3000 km s−1 are clearly discriminated against by nature. When simple power‐law models are fit to the data, photon indices reach values up to about 5, much higher than is usually seen in Seyfert 1s. Models with smaller mass black holes and/or higher Eddington fractions show some promise to explain the relation between the FWHM of the Hβ line and the X‐ray continuum slope. We further report evidence for persistent gaint and rapid variability in the ultrasoft narrow‐line Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS 13224–3809. We have examined possible explanations for the gaint variability. Unusually strong relativistic effects provide a plausible explanation of the X‐ray data. Relativistic boosting effects may be relevant to understanding the strong X‐ray variability of some steep spectrum Seyferts more generally.
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