Narrow‐ and regular‐diameter implants in the posterior region of the jaws to support single crowns: A 3‐year split‐mouth randomized clinical trial

Abstract

The objective of this 3-year split-mouth randomized controlled clinical study was to compare narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) to regular-diameter implants (RDIs) in the posterior region of the jaws (premolars and molars) in regards to (i) the marginal bone level (MBL) and (ii) implant and prosthesis survival and success rates. A total of 22 patients were included in the study. Each patient received at least one implant of each diameter (Ø3.3 and Ø4.1mm), placed either in the maxilla or mandible to support single crowns. A total 44 implants (22 NDIs and 22 RDIs) were placed and included in the study. Twenty-one implants were placed in the premolar, whereas 23 were placed in molar areas. Radiographic evaluations to access the MBL were performed immediately after implant placement, 1 and 3years after implant loading. Peri-implant clinical variables including probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BoP) were obtained after crown delivery, 1 and 3years after loading. Furthermore, the survival and success rates of the implants and prosthesis were also evaluated. Twenty patients were able to complete the study. There was no statistically significant difference regarding MBL between groups at implant placement (p=.084), 1-year (p=.794) and 3-year (p=.598) time intervals. The mean peri-implant bone loss at 3-year follow-up was -0.58±0.39mm (95% CI: -0.751 to -0.409) and -0.53±0.46mm (95% CI: -0.731 to -0.329) for NDIs and RDIs, respectively. BoP was present at 15% and 10% of NDIs and RDIs, respectively, at 3-year follow-up. PPD >5mm was observed in 5% and 0% of the implants of NDIs and RDIs, respectively, at 3-year follow-up. At the 3-year examination, the implant success rates were in the NDIs and RDIs sites, respectively, 95% and 100%. The corresponding values for prosthesis success rates were 90% for NDIs and 95% for RDIs. The present study demonstrated that NDIs placed to support single crowns in the posterior region did not differ to RDIs in regards to MBL, implant survival, and success rates.