Narrative Microstructure and Macrostructure Skills of Persian-Speaking Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Abstract

Studies examining narrative production skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have demonstrated variable and inconsistent results. This study aimed to investigate to what extent narrative difficulties in children with ASD reflect difficulties with language. Accordingly, the spoken narrative skills of 16 children with ASD were compared with those of their 16 chronological age-matched (CAM) and 16 language-matched (LM) peers. A Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was then used to examine the differences between groups in regard to NTC, NSG and SI variables .For other studied variables (NTW, number of T-units, ATL and total score), one-way analysis of variances (ANOVA) was also used. At the level of microstructure, the results showed that productivity (number of total words, total clauses, and T-unites) and syntactic complexity (average of T-unit length and subordination index) were predominantly similar in ASD and LM children. However, children with ASD scored lower than their CAM counterparts (P < 0.001). At the macrostructure level, we found that the total score of story grammar elements and the number of story grammars in the narrative production of children with ASD were lower than those in both CAM and LM children (P < 0.001). The present study, thus, showed that creating a coherent narrative could be more demanding for children with ASD than productivity and syntactic complexity.