Narrative Analysis of North Korean Defector Accounts

Abstract

By drawing on the accounts of North Korean defectors, this article analyses the collective identity, historical narratives, views of outside groups, and means of narrative dissemination in North Korea. It finds that elements of North Korean identity at the exclusion of the South are more dominant than elements of inclusive, pan-Korean identity, indicating that efforts to appeal to shared Korean identity are unlikely to succeed. Another core finding is that the extent to which North Korean individuals are exposed to disparities between the top-down narrative and reality is a major determining factor of whether they abandon the top-down narrative or not. Relevant elements in this regard include family ties to the outside world, proximity to the northern border, and severe economic hardship. This indicates that the North Korean regime is less likely to be willing to enact political reform while the living standards for their citizens remain low, as this would threaten the regime’s survival by increasing visible disparities, risking mass disillusionment and political instability. This supports efforts to engage with North Korea rather than obstructing their economic growth.