Abstract
The current study was designed to unveil the anticancer effects of naringenin against breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Cytotoxic effects were estimated via MTT viability assay. Clonogenic assay was performed to assess clonogenic potential of MDA-MB-231 cells. Apoptosis was examined via AO/EB staining, quantified via annexin V/PI staining and western blotting was performed to monitor apoptosis allied protein expressions. Cell cycle was analyzed through flow cytometric analysis. Transwell chambers assay was executed for determination of cell migration and cell invasion tendency of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Results indicated significant anticancer potential of naringenin drug against MDA-MB-231 cells. On evaluation of cell proliferation rate of breast cancer cells by MTT assay, it was observed that naringenin inhibited proliferation rate in dose as well as time dependent manner. AO/EB staining assay revealed potential morphological changes indicating apoptotic cell death. Annexin V/PI staining assay revealed increased apoptotic cell percentage with increased drug doses. The apoptosis inducing potential of naringenin drug was observed to be mediated via caspase activation. Flow cytometric analysis predicted cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase of cell cycle. Further cell migration as well as cell invasion tendency of MDA-MB-231 cells was reduced to minimum upon application of naringenin drug.
Highlights
Flavonoids are a major class of natural products with several subclasses including flavones (1)
Transwell chambers assay was executed for determination of cell migration and cell invasion tendency of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
Further cell migration as well as cell invasion tendency of MDA-MB-231 cells was reduced to minimum upon application of naringenin drug
Summary
Flavonoids are a major class of natural products with several subclasses including flavones (1). The anti-tumor effects of flavonoids have been discovered of their apoptosis inducing potency in cancer cells (10,11). Pivotal signal transduction pathways are often dysregulated by these cancer initiating changes that result in the activation of several transcription factors. These factors get activated by the extracellular signals that induce genetic modifications. Naringenin molecule belongs to flavanone subclass of flavonoids and is prevalent in large amounts among Citrus fruits, tomatoes and bergamot. This phytochemical has been accounted with different pharmacological applications including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, antioxidant, cardioprotective and antiadipogenic (21-24). The current investigation was designed to unveil the Naringenin inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation
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