Abstract
Prostate cancer is highly prevalent with a high mortality among males worldwide. Naringenin has been demonstrated to exhibit multiple cellular functions. In this study, we examined the effects of naringenin on prostate cancer. Transwell and zymography assays were used to detect cell migration and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) activity, respectively. Alternation of protein expression was measured by western blot analysis. Transwell assay and zymography revealed that naringenin suppressed the migration and invasion of PC-3 cells and uPA activity in proportion to the concentration of naringenin. Western blot analysis indicated that naringenin up-regulated E-cadherin expression, but down-regulated the expression of vimentin, SNAIL family zinc finger 1 (SNAI1), SNAIL family zinc finger 2 (SNAI2), and TWIST family bHLH transcription factor 1 (TWIST1). Naringenin inhibited the migration and invasion of PC-3 cells by reversing expression of proteins involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and down-regulation of uPA activity. Thus, naringenin may be a promising anti-metastasis agent for prostate cancer.
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