Abstract
The alkaline fractionation of rice husk (RH) with NaOH was optimized for the purpose of obtaining a high-yield recovery of glucan and increasing the removal rate for lignin and ash, resulting in a hemicellulose-rich hydrolysate. The determined optimal conditions were a temperature of 150 °C, reaction time of 45 min, and NaOH concentration of 6% (w/v). The glucan content in the fractionated RH (Fr. RH) was 80.1%, which was significantly increased compared to the raw RH (35.6%). High glucan content in the fractionated solid residue is the most essential factor for minimizing enzyme dosages in enzymatic saccharification. The final enzymatic digestibilities (at 96 h) of raw and NaOH-Fr. RH with cellulase loadings of 30 FPU/g cellulose were 10.5% and 81.3%, respectively. Approximately 71.6% of the xmg content (mainly xylose) was concomitantly degraded into the fractionated hydrolysate (Fr. Hydrolysate). When this hydrolysate was acidified with sulfuric acid and subjected to heat treatment, a furfural production yield of about 64.9% was obtained. The results show that two-stage fed-batch fermentation with glucan-rich Fr. RH has the potential to achieve high-ethanol titers of 28.7 g/L.
Highlights
Introduction and ByoungIn SangThe increasing severity of environmental problems and global climate change due to excessive fossil fuel consumption has led to a new era in which the urgent need for a structural change in global energy strategy is recognized
The results show that two-stage fed-batch fermentation with glucan-rich Fr
Lignocellulosic biomass varies somewhat depending on its type, it contains 60–80% polysaccharides, which can be hydrolyzed to produce fermentable sugars such as glucose and xylose
Summary
Introduction and ByoungIn SangThe increasing severity of environmental problems and global climate change due to excessive fossil fuel consumption has led to a new era in which the urgent need for a structural change in global energy strategy is recognized. The global energy structure is changing, with a focus on limiting fossil energy consumption and developing new and renewable energy sources removed. Lignocellulosic biomass can be supplied at an affordable price through a variety of biological resources. These can be classified as forest resources, municipal solid waste, agricultural residues, marine resources, etc., depending on where they are produced. Lignocellulosic biomass varies somewhat depending on its type, it contains 60–80% polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicellulose), which can be hydrolyzed to produce fermentable sugars such as glucose and xylose. Among the various biomass sources mentioned above, agricultural residues, which are generated in abundance every year, comprise raw biomass that is of particular interest in the era of biorefinery industrialization [2]
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