Abstract
Organic photovoltaics have emerged as a viable candidate for producing renewable energy. In this chapter, fabrication of fullerene nanowire by SPNT and hybridization with bulk heterojunction architecture are reviewed. Formation of fullerene nanowire itself is a remarkable milestone in SPNT, since this is the first example of molecule-based nanowires other than the previous polymer-based nanowires. Interestingly, fullerene nanowires display a more straight shape and circular cross section than those of polymers, due to the strong mechanical strength and tolerance for a swell during development process. By controlling the density and length of nanowires, [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and indene-C60 bis adducts (ICBA) nanowires were found to improve the power conversion efficiencies of the corresponding poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based solar cell by approximately 10–20 %. Heterojunction nanowires composed of p-type polymer and n-type fullerene are formed and observed by atomic force microscopy, where each p/n component is clearly visualized by the difference in shape and radius.
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