Nanotextured highly efficient optical and light trapping strategies using efficient hole transport-free structure for perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Device modelling of CH3NH3PbI3-based hole transport layer (HTL)-free nanotextured perovskite solar cells (PSC) was performed. In recent years, HTL-free PSCs have grown tremendously and gained widespread attention. Also, using nanostructures in PSCs significantly affected this type of solar cell's power conversion efficiency (PCE). Light trapping (LT) by nanostructures is a promising approach to optimizing the performance of PSCs in this work. We employed coupled optical and electrical modelling to optimize these nanostructures. In the current simulation, all parameters impacting the PSC were accurately examined and considered using the finite element technique (FEM). First, we obtained the photovoltaic results for two planar and free-HTL structures. The simulation results show that not using HTL reduces the PCE of PSC by up to 15 %. In this article, we emphasized nanostructures and their key features that minimize losses related to light by managing and optimizing light to achieve high PCE for the PSC. Using nano-texture at the surface of the active layer with ZnO material and optimizing the height, we were able to bring the lost efficiency in the free-HTL structure to 14.87 %, and also the short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage for the proposed structure were 18.16 (mA/cm2) and 0.98 (V), respectively.