Abstract
Nanotechnology tracks to the renal ward
Highlights
Main text word countThe phospholipid bilayer is a highly dynamic structure
Acute kidney injury (AKI), the loss of kidney function over hours to days, is very common, being seen in up to 20% of acute hospital admissions
The use of urinary biomarkers is key to the early detection of kidney disease
Summary
Main text word countThe phospholipid bilayer is a highly dynamic structure. Approximately 2% is recycled every 5 to 10 minutes, so the whole membrane is recycled every one to two hours. Upon fusing with the plasma membrane, these endosomes release their contents into the circulation (they were first identified in the maturing mammalian reticulocyte) or, in the case of renal tubular epithelial cells, into the urine. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent and is expected to increase further in the 5-10 years because of the rising prevalence of obesity and diabetes.
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