Abstract

Nanotechnology is the design, characterization, production, and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling the shape and size at the nanometer scale. Since at nanoscale, the properties of materials differ in fundamental and valuable ways from the properties of individual atoms and molecules or bulk matter, nanotechnology has a wide-range of applications in different fields such as electronics, pharmaceuticals, materials, polymers, chemical and petroleum industry. This article aims to review the benefits and hazards of nano-particles in Therapeutic sciences. As the need for the development of new medicine is pressing, and given the inherent nanoscale functions of biological components of living cells, nanotechnology has been applied to diverse medical fields such as oncology, cardiovascular medicine and in the treatment of other chronic diseases. Indeed, nanotechnology is being used to refine discovery of biomarkers, molecular diagnostics, and drug delivery, which could be applicable to management of these patients. The ideal nanopharmaceuticals agent must be safe, biocompatible, biodegradable, and stealthy-disguised well enough that the body's immune system will not recognize it as foreign. The ultimate agent will recognize the toxic molecules, attract and bind them quickly, reduce the free drug concentration and in the process, trigger the heart to function normally. On the other hand, very small size appears to be predominant indicator for toxic effects of particle. For medical applications, immobilized nanostructure inside or on surfaces of medical devices such as surgical implants are expected to pose a minimal risk as long as they remain fixed. As for Nanopharmaceuticals, they can act on living cells at the nano level resulting not only in biologically desirable, but also in undesirable effects. From a regulatory point of view, a risk management strategy is already a requirement for all medical technology applications.

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