Abstract
The advancements in nanoparticles (NPs) may be lighting the sustainable and eco-friendly path to accelerate the removal of toxic compounds from contaminated soils. Many efforts have been made to increase the efficiency of phytoremediation, such as the inclusion of chemical additives, the application of rhizobacteria, genetic engineering, etc. In this context, the integration of nanotechnology with bioremediation has introduced new dimensions for revamping the remediation methods. Hence, advanced remediation approaches combine nanotechnological and biological remediation methods in which the nanoscale process regulation supports the adsorption and deterioration of pollutants. Nanoparticles absorb/adsorb a large variety of contaminants and also catalyze reactions by lowering the energy required to break them down, owing to their unique surface properties. As a result, this remediation process reduces the accumulation of pollutants while limiting their spread from one medium to another. Therefore, this review article deals with all possibilities for the application of NPs for the remediation of contaminated soils and associated environmental concerns.
Highlights
Increasing anthropogenic/technogenic activities are adding potentially toxic metals, agrochemicals, and an excess of nutrients to the soil [1]
The present review unbinds the possibilities for the elimination of contaminants, with particular emphasis on microbe-mediated remediation, hyperaccumulator plants, and NPs, as well as the approaches to restore heavy metals (HMs)-contaminated soils, the benefits, and the potential risks associated with nano-bioremediation technologies
The pollution posed by POPs has been shown to have a negative influence on both the environment and human health, as certain POPs have been found to bioaccumulate in adipose tissue and to have the potential to act as carcinogens
Summary
Increasing anthropogenic/technogenic activities are adding potentially toxic metals, agrochemicals, and an excess of nutrients to the soil [1]. With the help of NPs, hyperaccumulators and indigenous soil microbes could enhance biodegradation processes, thereby increasing the potential extent of remediation. This could be called nano-phytoremediation and microbial-mediated nano-remediation. The present review unbinds the possibilities for the elimination of contaminants, with particular emphasis on microbe-mediated remediation, hyperaccumulator plants, and NPs, as well as the approaches to restore HM-contaminated soils, the benefits, and the potential risks associated with nano-bioremediation technologies. A summary of different NP-mediated removal of pollutants from contaminated media is elaborated in Nanobioremediation implies both nanotechnology and bioremediation together, where the process is executed at the nanoscale. These biotic processes play a crucial role in the removal of pollutants from the system
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