Abstract
Plant tissue culture plays an important role in plant biotechnology due to its potential for massive production of improved crop varieties and high yield of important secondary metabolites. Several efforts have been made to ameliorate the effectiveness and production of plant tissue culture, using biotic and abiotic factors. Nowadays, the addition of nanoparticles as elicitors has, for instance, gained worldwide interest because of its success in microbial decontamination and enhancement of secondary metabolites. Nanoparticles are entities in the nanometric dimension range: they possess unique physicochemical properties. Among all nanoparticles, silver-nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well-known for their antimicrobial and hormetic effects, which in appropriate doses, led to the improvement of plant biomass as well as secondary metabolite accumulation. This review is focused on the evaluation of the integration of nanotechnology with plant tissue culture. The highlight is especially conveyed on secondary metabolite enhancement, effects on plant growth and biomass accumulation as well as their possible mechanism of action. In addition, some perspectives of the use of nanomaterials as potential therapeutic agents are also discussed. Thus, the information provided will be a good tool for future research in plant improvement and the large-scale production of important secondary metabolites. Elicitation of silver-nanoparticles, as well as nanomaterials, function as therapeutic agents for animal well-being is expected to play a major role in the process. However, nanosized supramolecular aggregates have received an increased resonance also in other fields of application such as animal welfare. Therefore, the concluding section of this contribution is dedicated to the description and possible potential and usage of different nanoparticles that have been the object of work and expertise also in our laboratories.
Highlights
Introduction iationsPlant in vitro culture is considered a biotechnological process that involved growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in an artificial nutrition media in a controlled environment and aseptic condition
This study reported that the optimum concentration for phenolic compound enhancement in sugarcane occurred at medium concentration; higher concentrations caused a decrease of phenolic compound and antioxidant production while the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) continued to rise
Various sizes and concentrations of AgNPs were employed in the presented review. It ranged from 1–40 nm in size and 30 μg/L to
Summary
Plant tissue culture plays important roles in agrotechnology [2,10,38]. Plant micropropagation is one of the best alternatives for crop improvement and shows a special significance in multiplication through a vegetative approach. This study exhibited the hormetic effect of AgNPs in plant tissue culture, as it was clearly shown that the application of AgNPs in the medium resulted in inhibition of shoot multiplication and elongation. An increase of total phenolic and flavonoid content had been demonstrated in callus culture of Caralluma tuberculata and Prunella vulgaris after being elicited by AgNPS and AgAuNP, respectively [8,41]. Along with their effects on growth improvement, AgNPs possess anti-microbial properties since it was reported that the addition of AgNPs in culture media postponed the appearance of internal contamination of Araucaria excelsa [27]. Note: TPC, total phenolic content; TFC, total flavonoid content; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; CAT, catalase; GR, glutathione reductase; SOD, superoxide dismutase. ↑ and ↓ indicate enhancement and reduction, respectively
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