Nanotechnology in Osteochondral Regeneration

Abstract

With the development of nanotechnology, a better understanding of the role of feature size (nano, micro, and macro) on cell and tissue behavior, and a focused effort of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering (TE) research on mimicking native tissue dimension and composition, staunch advancements have been made in the areas of tissue and organ regeneration. Through the course of this chapter, we will discuss and explore technological advancements at the nanoscale with emphasis in osteochondral (bone-cartilage) tissue regeneration. We will begin with a brief overview of the anatomy and physiology of osteochondral tissue then explore regenerative approaches for the disparate tissues (bone and cartilage) which comprise the osteochondral tissue unit. Next we will delve in to current strategies and techniques for the manufacture of gradient and stratified scaffolds for regeneration of the entire tissue unit with emphasis on synthetic and natural nanocomposite materials.