Abstract
Oral administration is the most convenient route among various routes of drug delivery as it offers high patient compliance. However, the poor aqueous solubility and poor enzymatic/metabolic stability of drugs are major limitations in successful oral drug delivery. There are several approaches to improve problems related to hydrophobic drugs. Among various approaches, nanotechnology based drug delivery system has potential to overcome the challenges associated with the oral route of administration. Novel drug delivery systems are available in many areas of medicine. The application of these systems in the treatment of hypertension continues to broaden. The present review focuses on various nanocarriers available in oral drug administration for improving solubility profile, dissolution, and consequently bioavailability of hydrophobic antihypertensive drugs.
Highlights
Oral drug delivery is the most common, convenient, and extensively used route of administration as it offers advantages like painless administration, no assistance, and patient compliance as compared to other routes such as intramuscular, intravenous, and pulmonary
Nanotechnology holds a great potential in effective delivery of poorly soluble antihypertensive drugs by improving solubility and oral bioavailability
The biocompatibility, colloidal size, drug targeting, lowered dose size, reduced toxicity, and patient compliance are some important advantages of nanosystems
Summary
Oral drug delivery is the most common, convenient, and extensively used route of administration as it offers advantages like painless administration, no assistance, and patient compliance as compared to other routes such as intramuscular, intravenous, and pulmonary. The drugs with poor oral bioavailability are unable to reach the minimum effective concentration to exhibit therapeutic action [2,3,4]. Novel drug delivery systems have increasingly been explored to improve therapeutic efficacy and sustained drug release properties while overcoming the problems like poor solubility and low oral bioavailability of antihypertensive drugs. The available antihypertensive drugs are classified into the following categories: ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin antagonist, central sympathomimetics, diuretics, α-adrenergic blockers, β-adrenergic blockers, and vasodilators. Nanotechnology based oral drug delivery systems provide an alternative strategy to administer antihypertensive agents with improved bioavailability and therapeutic effect [10]
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