Abstract
Tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is the second most fatal infectious disease after AIDS, caused by bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Prolonged treatment, high pill burden, low compliance, and stiff administration schedules are factors that are responsible for emergence of MDR and XDR cases of tuberculosis. Till date, only BCG vaccine is available which is ineffective against adult pulmonary TB, which is the most common form of disease. Various unique antibodies have been developed to overcome drug resistance, reduce the treatment regimen, and elevate the compliance to treatment. Therefore, we need an effective and robust system to subdue technological drawbacks and improve the effectiveness of therapeutic drugs which still remains a major challenge for pharmaceutical technology. Nanoparticle-based ideology has shown convincing treatment and promising outcomes for chronic infectious diseases. Different types of nanocarriers have been evaluated as promising drug delivery systems for various administration routes. Controlled and sustained release of drugs is one of the advantages of nanoparticle-based antituberculosis drugs over free drug. It also reduces the dosage frequency and resolves the difficulty of low poor compliance. This paper reviews various nanotechnology-based therapies which can be used for the treatment of TB.
Highlights
Despite the remarkable advancement in medical science and therapeutics, tuberculosis (TB) still remains the primary factor of mortality and socioeconomic disaster for millions of people around the world
Tuberculosis is a deadly infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis [1]
Upon administering Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infected mice twice a week for 6 weeks, it was observed that liposomes encapsulated drugs were more powerful in clearing mycobacterial infection when compared to the free drugs
Summary
Despite the remarkable advancement in medical science and therapeutics, tuberculosis (TB) still remains the primary factor of mortality and socioeconomic disaster for millions of people around the world. It has plagued humankind throughout known history and human prehistory. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an acid-fast bacillus and intracellular pathogen, which has developed numerous strategies to avoid being killed by macrophages [2, 3] It is considered as the most successful pathogen capable of persisting in host for decades without causing the disease [4]. The alarm of spread of the MDR and XDR strains and the lack of successful treatment options strengthen the need to develop new and effective antiTB drugs to overcome the problem of drug resistance, shorten the treatment course, and better compliance [13]
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