Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health problem that the WHO declared a pandemic. COVID-19 has resulted in a worldwide lockdown and threatened to topple the global economy. The mortality of COVID-19 is comparatively low compared with previous SARS outbreaks, but the rate of spread of the disease and its morbidity is alarming. This virus can be transmitted human-to-human through droplets and close contact, and people of all ages are susceptible to this virus. With the advancements in nanotechnology, their remarkable properties, including their ability to amplify signal, can be used for the development of nanobiosensors and nanoimaging techniques that can be used for early-stage detection along with other diagnostic tools. Nano-based protection equipment and disinfecting agents can provide much-needed protection against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, nanoparticles can serve as a carrier for antigens or as an adjuvant, thereby making way for the development of a new generation of vaccines. The present review elaborates the role of nanotechnology-based tactics used for the detection, diagnosis, protection, and treatment of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Highlights
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or SARS-CoV-2 infection is caused by a virus that belongs to the subfamily Coronavirinae
Serology-based tests and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are routinely used for the detection of COVID-19, there is a need for accuracy and rapidity in diagnosis that can be fulfilled by the use of ultrasensitive nanobiosensors that play a major role in the detection of novel coronavirus
Nanotechnology has emerged as a potential approach to the diagnosis, protection, drug delivery, and development of therapeutic strategies for controlling global pandemics such as COVID-19
Summary
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or SARS-CoV-2 infection is caused by a virus that belongs to the subfamily Coronavirinae (family: Coronaviridae). The heterogeneous nature of the disease and constant mutation in the virus warrants a need for diagnostic tools. In this regard, nanotechnology is being seriously investigated for its potential in the development of therapeutics, vaccines, diagnostic techniques, and strategies to reduce the healthcare burden. The unique properties of nanoparticles such as their small size, enhanced solubility, better target reachability, improved half-life, reduced side-effects, and surface adaptability are being utilized to bring out a much-needed clinical transformation that could be effective directly against the virus [3,4]. Nanotechnology seems to hold the potential to bring in innovative alternatives effective against the virus
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