Nanotechnology: An Efficient Technique of Contaminated Water Treatment

Abstract

In current time, a large mass of people are facing the risk of dangerous and dreadful diseases due to exposure to unclean water and it is also reported that around thirty-five per cent of people die due to contaminated water consumption. To solve these problems, it is highly necessary to adopt a better technique of water purification in order to conserve water resources. Nanotechnology is a promising technique which ensures better water quality due to the use of advanced technology of filtration materials which results in desalinization, recycling and reuse of water, thereby resulting in better performance as well as efficient method for decontaminating wastewater and providing secured water supply. This chapter throws light on the advanced applications of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment. The various types of nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, graphene-based, metal and metal oxide-based, zeolites, nanocomposites, metal–organic frameworks are discussed focussing on their structures and performances in the removal of water contaminants. Moreover, few bioremediation techniques for the purification of water are also discussed. The toxicity of the nanomaterial after treatment of wastewater on the environment also needs to be tackled carefully to ensure the safety of the environment which is also mentioned in this chapter.Graphic Abstract Open image in new window