Abstract
TiO2 electrochemical biosensors represent an option for biomolecules recognition associated with diseases, food or environmental contaminants, drug interactions and related topics. The relevance of TiO2 biosensors is due to the high selectivity and sensitivity that can be achieved. The development of electrochemical biosensors based on nanostructured TiO2 surfaces requires knowing the signal extracted from them and its relationship with the properties of the transducer, such as the crystalline phase, the roughness and the morphology of the TiO2 nanostructures. Using relevant literature published in the last decade, an overview of TiO2 based biosensors is here provided. First, the principal fabrication methods of nanostructured TiO2 surfaces are presented and their properties are briefly described. Secondly, the different detection techniques and representative examples of their applications are provided. Finally, the functionalization strategies with biomolecules are discussed. This work could contribute as a reference for the design of electrochemical biosensors based on nanostructured TiO2 surfaces, considering the detection technique and the experimental electrochemical conditions needed for a specific analyte.
Highlights
Brouzgou AngelikiThe use of biosensors covers several areas of knowledge, such as biomedical research, forensic investigation, drug discovery, point-of-care diagnostics, environmental monitoring and food control [1]
nanostructured TiO2 surfaces (NTOS) have unique properties that enhance their application as transducers in biosensors
In terms of NTOS-based biosensor fabrication, different methods allow for obtaining TiO2 nanostructures with the desired characteristics that should enhance the effectiveness of the type of detection used
Summary
The use of biosensors covers several areas of knowledge, such as biomedical research, forensic investigation, drug discovery, point-of-care diagnostics, environmental monitoring and food control [1]. As the fabrication method determines the type of NTOS and the crystalline phases obtained, Section 2 is devoted to material preparation Review articles such as that of Berger et al show how the electrochemical properties of electrodes based on TiO2 nanostructures determine their application, whether as supercapacitors, electrochromic layers and photocatalysts in the degradation of organic pollutants [18]. The NTOS functionalized with biomolecules allows for the selective recognition of an analyte
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