Nanostructured tin oxide materials for the sub-ppm detection of indoor formaldehyde pollution

Abstract

Interesting sensing performances of indoor formaldehyde pollution were obtained when small amounts of zinc were introduced in tin oxides. Nanostructured Sn oxide-based porous materials doped with Zn or not, were synthesized using hydrothermal routes. The physicochemical properties of the as-prepared metal-oxide materials were characterized using nitrogen adsorption, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Gas sensors were prepared using the aforementioned tin oxide materials and they exhibited a high sensitivity to formaldehyde at 230 °C, as well as a good repeatability over the time. Their limit of formaldehyde detection was as low as 8 ppb in dry air and 50 ppb in air with 60% RH at 25 °C. These results were much better that those reported in the open literature and they were attributed to both higher area BET, around 180 m2/g, and smaller crystallite size, 3.1 nm.