Abstract

Steel crystallization has been shown to be a nanostructured process. Austenite microcrystals in liquid steel with a carbon concentration of 2.5 to 9 atomic percent, δ‑ferrite microcrystals in melt with a carbon concentration of up to 2.5 atomic percent, austenite microcrystals in peritectic reaction are formed from elementary nanocrystals of iron and graphite, free iron atoms and iron‑carbon complexes.

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