Abstract
Hydrophobic platinum(II)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin (PtTFPP) was physically incorporated into micelles formed from poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) to enable the application of PtTFPP in aqueous solution. Micelles were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to show an average diameter of about 140 nm. PtTFPP showed higher quantum efficiency in micellar solution than in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). PtTFPP in micelles also exhibited higher photostability than that of PtTFPP suspended in water. PtTFPP in micelles exhibited good oxygen sensitivity and response time. This study provided an efficient approach to enable the application of hydrophobic oxygen sensors in a biological environment.
Highlights
Dissolved oxygen concentrations in live cells and cellular environments are critical for many physiological and pathological processes including metabolism, cell respiration/oxygen consumption, and tissue hypoxia [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
Fluorescence based optical oxygen sensors, such as platinum (II) porphyrins, palladium (II) porphyrins, and ruthenium polypyridyl complexes [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23] were developed for measuring oxygen concentrations at cellular levels because these optical sensors: (i) are noninvasive; (ii) can be used in large, and in small volumes down to a few picoliters at the single cell level; and (iii) can be integrated with other optical sensors for simultaneously monitoring multi-parameters
We have developed new oxygen sensors for extracellular oxygen sensing [25,26,27] and applied these sensors for detecting single cell oxygen consumption [7,8]
Summary
Dissolved oxygen concentrations in live cells and cellular environments are critical for many physiological and pathological processes including metabolism, cell respiration/oxygen consumption, and tissue hypoxia [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Among the many oxygen sensors, platinum(II)-5,10,15,20tetrakis-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin (PtTFPP) is known to be an excellent one due to its good responses to oxygen concentrations, high photostability, and high quantum efficiency as compared with others [35,36]. Borisov et al reported an incorporation of PtTFPP in polystyrene-block-polyvinylpyrrolidone beads and studied the oxygen responses in aqueous solutions [37]. We report the incorporation of PtTFPP in micelles formed from poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(e-caprolactone) (PEGb-PCL) (Figure 1) and the evaluation of oxygen responses of PtTFPP-encapsulated micelles.
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