Abstract
Injury to peripheral nerves can occur as a result of various surgical procedures, including oral and maxillofacial surgery. In the case of nerve transaction, the gold standard treatment is the end-to-end reconnection of the two nerve stumps. When it cannot be performed, the actual strategies consist of the positioning of a nerve graft between the two stumps. Guided nerve regeneration using nano-structured scaffolds is a promising strategy to promote axon regeneration. Biodegradable electrospun conduits composed of aligned nanofibers is a new class of devices used to improve neurite extension and axon outgrowth. Self assembled peptide nanofibrous scaffolds (SAPNSs) demonstrated promising results in animal models for central nervous system injuries, and, more recently, for peripheral nerve injury. Aims of this work are (1) to review electrospun and self-assembled nanofibrous scaffolds use in vitro and in vivo for peripheral nerve regeneration; and (2) its application in peripheral nerve injuries treatment. The review focused on nanofibrous scaffolds with a diameter of less than approximately 250 nm. The conjugation in a nano scale of a natural bioactive factor with a resorbable synthetic or natural material may represent the best compromise providing both biological and mechanical cues for guided nerve regeneration. Injured peripheral nerves, such as trigeminal and facial, may benefit from these treatments.
Highlights
The expectation of humans to live long lives demands continuous development of new therapeutic strategies that can promote the regeneration of tissues damaged by trauma, disease, or congenital defects
Synthetic fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) ligand derived from neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) + RADA16 synthetic fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) ligand derived from the first fibronectin type III domain of neural cell adhesion synthetic fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) ligand derived from the first fibronectin type III domain of neural cell adhesion + RADA16
It is shown that neural stem cells can be encapsulated successfully in hydrogel matrices of SAPNs scaffolds and present marked differentiation into projection neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
Summary
Stefano Sivolella 1, Giulia Brunello 1, Nadia Ferrarese 1, Alessandro Della Puppa 2, Domenico D’Avella 2, Eriberto Bressan 1 and Barbara Zavan 3,*. Received: 3 January 2014; in revised form: 3 February 2014 / Accepted: 10 February 2014 /
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