Abstract
Objective: Electrohydrodynamic atomization is a technique that utilizes electrical potential differences for the fabrication of particles ranging from nano to micrometer size, where the ultra-charged droplets of drug-loaded mist deposit as nanospheres after solvent evaporation. The drug-loaded polymeric spherical nanocomposites have a small volume with large surface area, which is a beneficial characteristic for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement of class II drugs.
 Methods: This facile approach is employed for the preparation of tadalafil-loaded nanosystems, a class II drug used for erectile dysfunction treatment. Tadalafil-loaded nanoparticles prepared with different polymer concentrations were evaluated through process yield, drug loading, morphology and functional performance. Further, drug solid-state and compatibility of formulation components were assessed.
 Results: The results obtained pointed out that nanoparticles were of uniform spherical morphologies with a size range between 1279±141 and 374±13 nm. The system maintained a high loading efficacy of 88%, with most of the loaded drug released within 2 min during the in vitro dissolution studies. The differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of tadalafil in an amorphous form or as a molecular dispersion within the polymer matrix.
 Conclusion: Tadalafil-loaded nanoparticles manufactured through this methodology is qualified as a strategy to ameliorate its solubility and bioavailability.
Highlights
Electrohydrodynamic methodology is an electrospraying technique, which is applied for the preparation of nano/microparticles
Electrohydrodynamic atomization is a promising technique for the fabrication of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles
A series of tadalafil-loaded nanospheres formulations compromising various concentrations of PVP and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were successfully prepared via electrohydrodynamic atomization
Summary
Electrohydrodynamic methodology is an electrospraying technique, which is applied for the preparation of nano/microparticles. Electrohydrodynamic atomization as a pharmaceutical technique is highly dependent on both process and formulation factors, which in turn affect the final product characteristics The formulation parameters such as the polymer type, concentration, and solvent properties, and the process features viz, flow rate and applied voltage, control the particle size/shape, drug loading and yield [1]. The drawbacks associated with the later conventional methods might be subsided by utilizing the electro hydrodynamic atomization technique for the preparation of drug-loaded nanospheres. This technique involves the spraying of a polymer solution containing the drug in a suitably conductive solvent under the influence of the electrical field
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