Abstract
Currently, nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) with short pulse duration and non-thermal effects have various potential applications in medicine and biology, especially in tumor ablation. Additionally, there are a few investigations on its proliferative effects in the normal cell. Clinically, proliferation of endothelial cells can perhaps accelerate the stent endothelialization and reduce the risk of acute thrombosis. To explore the feasibility using nsPEFs to induce proliferation of endothelial cells, in this study, porcine iliac endothelial (PIEC) cell line was cultured and tested by CCK-8 assay after nsPEFs treatment. The results reflected that nsPEFs with low field strength (100ns, 5 kV/cm, 10 pulses) had a significant proliferative effect with an increase in the PIEC cell growth of 16% after a 48 hour’ post-treatment. To further understand the mechanism of cell proliferation, intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured through fluo-4 AM and reactive oxygen species assay was applied to estimate the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Finally, the total nitric oxide assay for NO production in the cultured medium was evaluated. An enhanced concentration of intracellular Ca2+ and ROS were observed, while the concentration of extracellular NO also increased after nsPEFs treatment. Such experimental results demonstrated that nsPEFs with appropriate pulse parameters could effectively enhance cell proliferation on PIEC cells, and the cell proliferation associated strongly with the changes of intracellular Ca2+ concertation, ROS and NO production induced by nsPEFs treatment. This in vitro preliminary study indicates that as a novel physical doping, the nsPEFs have potential in stimulating endothelial cells to accelerate stent endothelialization.
Highlights
Coronary artery stenosis is one of the major cardiovascular diseases, which cause myocardial infarction and peripheral artery disease worldwide [1]
We investigated the proliferative effect of porcine iliac endothelial (PIEC) cells after being exposed to Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) at a low electric field strength
High field strengths showed an inhibitory effect on PIEC cells. These results are in accordance with the previous studies which indicated that nsPEFs treatment with low intensity could induce cell proliferation of S.avermitilis, while high field intensity would lead to an obvious inhibition effect[16]
Summary
Coronary artery stenosis is one of the major cardiovascular diseases, which cause myocardial infarction and peripheral artery disease worldwide [1]. Compared with bare-metal stents, drug-eluting stents (DESs) is able to significantly reduce the risk of vascular restenosis and neointimal hyperplasia [3, 4]. Drug-eluting stents improve vascular restenosis and simultaneously inhibit the process of endothelialization, so the repair of damaged blood vessels is delayed, leading to late thrombosis and some other complications [5]. Those treatments cannot completely eliminate ISR and the risk for late thrombosis. Rapid surface endothelialization of a coronary stent has important significance, which can provide a strategy for improving the condition of thrombosis and minimizing restenosis [6]
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