Abstract
Partial Wave Spectroscopic (PWS) Microscopy has proven effective at detecting nanoscale hallmarks of carcinogenesis in histologically normal-appearing cells. The current method of data analysis requires acquisition of a three-dimensional data cube, consisting of multiple images taken at different illumination wavelengths, limiting the technique to data acquisition on ~30 individual cells per slide. To enable high throughput data acquisition and whole-slide imaging, new analysis procedures were developed that require fewer wavelengths in the same 500-700nm range for spectral analysis. The nanoscale sensitivity of the new analysis techniques was validated (i) theoretically, using finite-difference time-domain solutions of Maxwell's equations, as well as (ii) experimentally, by measuring nanostructural alterations associated with carcinogenesis in biological cells.
Highlights
Reducing cancer mortality rates is a significant health concern and early detection has been recognized as a key factor in this effort [1]
Partial Wave Spectroscopic (PWS) microscopy achieves sensitivity to nanoscale structures within biological cells by using the spectroscopic content of microscope images, and quantitatively measures nanoarchitectural changes in cells associated with carcinogenesis [6, 7]
Because PWS is sensitive to nanoscale structure below the diffraction limit of traditional microscopy systems, including those used for wholeslide imaging, it can be used for minimally invasive cancer screening via the field effect
Summary
Reducing cancer mortality rates is a significant health concern and early detection has been recognized as a key factor in this effort [1]. PWS microscopy achieves sensitivity to nanoscale structures within biological cells by using the spectroscopic content of microscope images, and quantitatively measures nanoarchitectural changes in cells associated with carcinogenesis [6, 7]. These intracellular, macromolecular alterations are recognizable as some of the earliest indicators of carcinogenesis and are detectable throughout an affected organ, not just at the tumor site, via a phenomenon known as the field effect of carcinogenesis [8, 9]. PWS has been shown to be effective at detecting tumors in multiple organ sites, including the lung, colon, esophagus, pancreas, prostate, etc [10,11,12]
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