Abstract
PM2.5 has been correlated with risk factors for various diseases and infections. It promotes tissue injury by direct effects of particle components. However, effects of PM2.5 on cells have not been fully investigated. Recently, we developed a novel imaging technology, scanning electron-assisted dielectric-impedance microscopy (SE-ADM), which enables observation of various biological specimens in aqueous solution. In this study, we successfully observed PM2.5 incorporated into living mammalian cells in culture media. Our system directly revealed the process of PM2.5 aggregation in the cells at a nanometre resolution. Further, we found that the PM2.5 aggregates in the intact cells were surrounded by intracellular membrane-like structures of low-density in the SE-ADM images. Moreover, the PM2.5 aggregates were shown by confocal Raman microscopy to be located inside the cells rather than on the cell surface. We expect our method to be applicable to the observation of various nanoparticles inside cells in culture media.
Highlights
PM2.5 has been correlated with risk factors for various diseases and infections
We have developed a novel imaging technology, scanning electron-assisted dielectric-impedance microscopy (SE-ADM)[20,21], which enables the observation of various biological specimens in aqueous media without radiation-induced damages at 8 nm spatial r esolution[21]
We show that our SE-ADM system can be used to observe PM2.5 incorporated into living mammalian cells in culture media
Summary
PM2.5 has been correlated with risk factors for various diseases and infections It promotes tissue injury by direct effects of particle components. We developed a novel imaging technology, scanning electron-assisted dielectric-impedance microscopy (SE-ADM), which enables observation of various biological specimens in aqueous solution. Since the effects of PM2.5 on cell functions have been insufficiently investigated, studies are needed on the inner structure of living cells upon addition of PM2.5 to the culture medium at nanometre resolution. We have developed a novel imaging technology, scanning electron-assisted dielectric-impedance microscopy (SE-ADM)[20,21], which enables the observation of various biological specimens in aqueous media without radiation-induced damages at 8 nm spatial r esolution[21]. We show that our SE-ADM system can be used to observe PM2.5 incorporated into living mammalian cells in culture media. Our system has allowed direct observation and analysis of the process of PM2.5
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