Abstract
Nanoscale imaging of frozen aqueous specimens and solid materials with transmission electron microscopes (TEM) has revolutionized our understanding in biological and material sciences. However, there is an ample number of important problems in life and physical sciences that occur only in liquid environments. Therefore, there is an incredible advantage of being able to image nanoscale processes directly in liquids [1-3]. I will describe our recent work on development of platform for imaging soft materials and biological samples in liquids using TEM [4-6]. We use this platform to study liquid properties at nanoscale. Here we show that the properties of fluid at nanoscale dominated by its interfacial interaction with the solid substrate surface and drastically differ from the expected bulk behavior. For example, the diffusive movement and rotation of nanocrystals within liquid nanodroplets are severely dampened when compared with macroscopic fluids. We will describe dynamic processes in nanoscale fluids such as condensation of nanodroplets and flow of nanodroplets. Imaging nanoscale fluids also enabled us to observe nanocrystal nucleation through nanocluster aggregation that differs from predictions of classical nucleation theory. We observe that crystals form amorphous aggregates.
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