Abstract
Soybeans stand out among the main crops of world economic interest, Brazil being one of the main producing and exporting countries. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of insecticides used alone and with the addition of adjuvant formulas based on orange oil and nanoparticulated sulfur (Oro Solve®) in the control of the neotropical brown stink bug in soybean. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the State University of Maringa – UEM, located in the city of Umuarama – PR. Samples were collected and periodically evaluated at predetermined intervals: an analysis prior to application and analysis was performed at 1, 3, 5 and 10 days after application. On the 10th day after the beginning of the experiment, a new application was performed, with subsequent evaluations 1 and 3 days after reapplication. In the evaluations, the number of stink bugs found per sampling and the efficiency of control in each treatment was noted. It was evaluated by manual harvesting of 1.0 meters in three lines of the useful area of each plot, with a posterior trail, using a stationary trail. After weighment, the grains or values were transformed to kg.ha-1, using the correction of recovery for the water content of 13%. Neotropical brown stink bug occurrence data, insecticide and mixtures evaluation, as well as soybean yield, were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test, and the means compared by the Duncan and Tukey test (P≤0.05), respectively. The insecticides based on acephate (Perito®), imidacloprid + bifenthrin (Galil®) and bifenthrin + carbosulfan (Talisman®) in addition to Oro Solve® were found to show greater bedbug control efficiency. There was a greater extension of the effective control period in the treatments that had adjuvant addition. The application to the tests that were sprayed with insecticides in addition to Oro Solve®, and the insecticides used alone were used, but they all differed from the control and the percentage increase was always higher in the tests containing the mixture with Oro Solve®.
Highlights
The main agricultural products in the Brazilian export basket are derived from soybean, a legume that has, for a very long time, been grown from the south to the far north
The neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (Fabr., 1794) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), the small green stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood, 1837) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), and the green stink bug, Nezara viridula (Linnaeus 1758) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), are the three most abundant species that occur in soybean crop in most producing regions, with certain variations and emergence of secondary pests such as the green-bellied stink bug, Dichelops spp. (Ávila & Grigolli 2014; Ibrahim & Mahmoud 2017)
It is noted that this trend continues at 3 days after application, but there is already a distinct control action for the insecticide acephate (Perito®), used alone or in conjunction with Oro Solve®, and imidacloprid + bifenthrin (Galil®), and bifenthrin + carbosulfan (Talisman®), in addiction with Oro Solve®
Summary
The main agricultural products in the Brazilian export basket are derived from soybean, a legume that has, for a very long time, been grown from the south to the far north. Among the main limitations to an increase in yield and reduction in the cost of production stand out those provided by agricultural pests. The soybean crop is subject to pest attack from the germination stage to harvest (Hoffmann-Campo et al 2000). Phytophagous stink bugs of the family Pentatomidae are among the insects considered as primary pests of soybean because they feed on grains, pods, and branches, and may affect yield, grain quality and reproductive potential (Panizzi & Slansky 1985; CorrêaFerreira & Panizzi 1999; Panizzi 2013). The neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (Fabr., 1794) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), the small green stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood, 1837) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), and the green stink bug, Nezara viridula (Linnaeus 1758) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), are the three most abundant species that occur in soybean crop in most producing regions, with certain variations and emergence of secondary pests such as the green-bellied stink bug, Dichelops spp. (Ávila & Grigolli 2014; Ibrahim & Mahmoud 2017)
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