Abstract
The hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethoxy silane in the presence of structure directing agents, such as the tetraalkylammonium cations, results in the formation of microporous siliceous particles -with average sizes in the range 2 to 5 nm, the size being a function of the hydrolysis conditions and the composition of the mixture. Increased dilution favors larger particles while increased pH results in smaller particles. The option of isomorphous substitution of silicon for either alumina or titania is also shown to result in nano-sized particles were the substituted metals exist in the tetrahedral coordination.
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