Nanoparticles of Costus&nbsp;speciosus Ameliorate Diabetes-Induced Structural Changes in Rat Prostate through Mediating the Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines IL 6, IL1β and TNF-α.

Duaa Bakhshwin,Soad Shaker Ali,Nasra Naeim Ayuob,Khadija Abdul Jalil Faddladdeen,Samar Mohammed Alsaggaf

doi:10.3390/molecules27031027

Nanoparticles of Costus speciosus Ameliorate Diabetes-Induced Structural Changes in Rat Prostate through Mediating the Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines IL 6, IL1β and TNF-α.

Duaa Bakhshwin, Soad Shaker Ali + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031027

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a common global health problem. Among the complications that are frequently associated with DM are the alternation of sexual function and fertility, especially in young men. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of nanoparticles of Costus speciosus (C. speciosus) in preserving the prostatic structure of diabetic rats and to explore the mechanism behind this effect. A model of DM was induced in male albino rats by a single intraperitoneally injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg body weight). Five groups (n = 10 each) of rats were included in this study: the control, C. speciosus gold nanoparticles-treated (150 mg/kg body weight through gastric intubation for 30 days), untreated diabetic, metformin-treated diabetic (500 mg/kg/day gastric intubation for 30 days) and the C. speciosus-treated diabetic group. The blood glucose, insulin and testosterone levels as well as oxidants/antioxidants status were assessed in the serum. Gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL1β and IL-6 were assessed in the prostate homogenate. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed and the prostate was dissected out and prepared for histopathological and immunohistochemistry study using Ki67 and Bcl-2. C. Speciosus nanoparticles significantly decreased (p = 0.03) the blood glucose level while significantly increasing insulin (p = 0.01) and testosterone (p = 0.04) levels compared to the untreated diabetic rats. Oxidants/antioxidants status was markedly improved after administration of C. speciosus. Prostatic expression of the mRNA of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL1β and TNF-α was down-regulated in metformin- and C. speciosus-treated rats. The histological structure of the ventral prostate was preserved in metformin- and C. speciosus-treated diabetic rats with a significantly thicker epithelial cell layer and significant increase immunoexpression in Bcl-2 and Ki67. In conclusion, the protective effect induced by C. speciosus nanoparticles on the prostate of diabetic rats might be directly mediated through the down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines and the up-regulation of antioxidant activity and indirectly mediated through the anti-hyperglycemic effect through enhancing insulin secretion.

Highlights

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has become “a modern-day plague” by reaching epidemic levels throughout the world
The results of this study presented many findings regarding the characterization of the C. speciosus Extract (CSE)-nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and its efficacy on some biochemical parameters included the serum testosterone level, antioxidants profile and gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the prostate as well as the histopathological changes in the prostate
Regarding the nanoparticles of C. speciosus, their glucoselowering action was attributed to inhibition of hepatic glucose production, promotion of glucose utilization through suppressing the transcription of genes involved in pancreatic insulin and hepatic glucose production and stimulation of the expression of GLUT-4 gene in skeletal muscles of STZ-induced diabetic rats [14]

Summary

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has become “a modern-day plague” by reaching epidemic levels throughout the world. The prevalence of type 2 DM (3.9–18.3%) in the Arab Gulf countries is amongst the highest prevalence internationally, and is still rising quickly. Oxidative stress, induced by a high glucose concentration in blood and tissue fluids, was reported to induce male reproductive complications [3]. It was found that antioxidant treatment, either from natural or synthetic sources, recovers the glycemic index and prevents oxidative stress resulting from free radicals, minimizing the occurrence of diabetic complications [4]. Several studies have reported a direct relationship between diabetes and prostate pathologies which may be a consequence of metabolic abnormalities and changes in sex hormone levels in diabetic patients [5]

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