Abstract
BackgroundSalvadora persica is an endangered medicinal plant due to difficulties in its traditional propagation. It is rich in bioactive compounds that possess many pharmaceutical, antimicrobial activities and widely used in folk medicine. The current study aims at in vitro propagation of Salvadora persica and the application of different nanoparticles (NPs) to induce the synthesis of bioactive and secondary metabolites within the plant. The cellular and genetic responses to the application of different NPs were evaluated. ResultsThe impact of nanoparticles NPs (ZnO, SiO2, and Fe3O4) on callus growth of Salvadora persica and the production of its active constituent benzyl isothiocyanate was examined, regarding some oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, and genetic variabilities. An encouraging impact of 0.5 mg/l ZnO NPs on benzyl isothiocyanate production was shown reaching up to 0.905 mg/g callus fresh weight in comparison to 0.539 mg/g in control callus. This was associated with decreasing hydrogen peroxide content and increasing superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities. The deposition of the NPs on cellular organelles was detected using a transmission microscope. Fifteen Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) primers detected an overall, 79.1% polymorphism among different treatments. A reduction in genomic DNA template stability (GTS) was made and was more pronounced in higher doses of different NPs. ConclusionThis study is a stepping stone in developing a productive protocol for in vitro production of benzyl isothiocyanate from Salvadora persica using NPs as a valuable anticancer compound.
Highlights
Salvadora persica is an endangered medicinal plant due to difficulties in its traditional propagation
Effect of nanoparticles on callus biomass The results of the present study showed that the treatment of Salvadora persica callus with different concentrations of ZnO, SiO2, and Fe3O4 NPs had positive effects compared with control treatment, during the two growth stages
highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the maximum accumulation of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) (~0.91 mg/g) was recorded at 0.5 mg/l ZnO NP callus treatment for 45 days, comparing to all applied NPs
Summary
Salvadora persica is an endangered medicinal plant due to difficulties in its traditional propagation. The current study aims at in vitro propagation of Salvadora persica and the application of different nanoparticles (NPs) to induce the synthesis of bioactive and secondary metabolites within the plant. The application of nanoparticles (NPs) to induce the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites from their natural sources is a rising trend. Their potential tiny size, wide surface area, reactivity, and high affinity to penetrate the. Fouda et al Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (2021) 19:27 seedlings treated with 200 and 300 mg/l ZnO NPs demonstrate reduced, growth, chlorophyll content, and rates of photosynthesis [2]. Callus growth of rapeseed was significantly retarded by 25, 50, and 100 mg/l ZnO NPs, while 10 mg/l significantly induce callus growth [4]
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