Abstract
AbstractThe elixir of life is water which drives the entire natural process that occurs on our planet. Such an exotic gift by nature undergoes severe damage due to reckless activity by a human. Majorly water sources got polluted by ejection of industrial contaminated wastewater, domestic household wastewater and sewage wastes. Industrial wastewater is introduced in large volumes into the water sources, in turn producing intense health hazards on living beings and the environment. The contaminants from industries include toxic chemicals, heavy metals, metal dust, dyes, radioactive substances etc. At present, people across the globe are so much concerned about protecting and restoring water sources. Conventional industrial wastewater treatments like filtration, adsorption, flotation, ion exchange, coagulation and chemical precipitation are effectively adopted to remove the pollutants. However, these techniques are not sufficient in the case of the removal of hazardous heavy metals and microorganisms. In this scenario, advancement in nanoscience and nanotechnology has opened a new avenue to remove these toxic chemicals from waste water has gained importance and drawn attention with an eagle eye among researchers. Nanomaterials have been attracted due to their excellent physicochemical and flexible characteristics providing significant results with 100% efficiency. Nanomaterials in the form of nano-photocatalyst, nano adsorbents and nano membranes are widely committed. Nano metals, nano metallic oxides, nano metal sulfides, hybrid nanostructures (metal & metal oxides), magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, silica, nano polymers etc., have been utilized for removing contaminants in wastewater. This chapter expresses in detail the capacity of these nanoparticles to provide a sustainable approach in the industrial wastewater treatment process.KeywordsWastewater treatmentNanoadsorbentsNanomembranesNano photocatalystsCarbon based nanomaterials
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