Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) can mediate gene-silencing by knocking down the expression of a target gene via cellular machinery with much higher efficiency in contrast to other antisense-based approaches which represents an emerging therapeutic strategy for combating cancer. Distinct characters of nanoparticles, such as distinctive size, are fundamental for the efficient delivery of RNAi therapeutics, allowing for higher targeting and safety. In this review, we present the mechanism of RNAi and briefly describe the hurdles and concerns of RNAi as a cancer treatment approach in systemic delivery. Furthermore, the current nanovectors for effective tumor delivery of RNAi therapeutics are classified, and the characteristics of different nanocarriers are summarized.
Highlights
Cancer is still defined as a major public health problem in the world [1]
In order to accumulate in the tumor microenvironment (TME), the nanoparticlesbased siRNA complex must move through the extracellular matrix (ECM), a dense network of fibrous proteins and polysaccharides, after leaving the bloodstream [32]
There have been a large number of reports demonstrating that RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing has a significant inhibitory effect on tumor cells
Summary
Cancer is still defined as a major public health problem in the world [1] Traditional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, may result in toxicity to normal organs and tissues due to the fact of their non-targeting properties. More than 90% of Atu adverse events were limited to Grade 1 or 2, showing great safety [8] Another lipid-based siRNA nanoparticle, termed DCR-MYC, was developed to downregulate the MYC, which is an oncoprotein that is deregulated in most malignancies. Tumor shrinkage was observed in multiple patients after treatment [9] All those results suggest that nanoparticle-based RNAi approaches are a promising avenue for cancer treatment. Adultneuroendocrine tumors, NET, Adrenocortical carcinoma, ACC, Colorectal cancer with hepatic metastases, Pancreas cancer with hepatic metastases, Gastric cancer with hepatic metastases, Breast cancer with hepatic metastases, Ovarian cancer with hepatic metastases [18]
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