Nanoparticle-Induced m6A RNA Modification: Detection Methods, Mechanisms and Applications.

Yi Wang,Fengkai Ruan,Zhenghong Zuo,Chengyong He

doi:10.3390/nano12030389

Abstract

With the increasing application of nanoparticles (NPs) in medical and consumer applications, it is necessary to ensure their safety. As m6A (N6-methyladenosine) RNA modification is one of the most prevalent RNA modifications involved in many diseases and essential biological processes, the relationship between nanoparticles and m6A RNA modification for the modulation of these events has attracted substantial research interest. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between nanoparticles and m6A RNA modification, but evidence is beginning to emerge. Therefore, a summary of these aspects from current research on nanoparticle-induced m6A RNA modification is timely and significant. In this review, we highlight the roles of m6A RNA modification in the bioimpacts of nanoparticles and thus elaborate on the mechanisms of nanoparticle-induced m6A RNA modification. We also summarize the dynamic regulation and biofunctions of m6A RNA modification. Moreover, we emphasize recent advances in the application perspective of nanoparticle-induced m6A RNA modification in medication and toxicity of nanoparticles to provide a potential method to facilitate the design of nanoparticles by deliberately tuning m6A RNA modification.

Highlights

As innovative nanotechnology has developed, nanoparticles (NPs), sized between 1 and 110 nm, have been created to improve the quality of life and are widely applied, including in household items, building materials, food products, cosmetic products, biomedical imaging, biomedical diagnostics, drug delivery and anticancer therapy [1,2,3]
Nanoparticles coated with modified polyethylene glycol (PEG) through chemical bonds can function as drug carriers for oral peptide drugs, as they are more stable in gastrointestinal fluid and improve peptide absorption [6,7]
Despite a large number of findings connected to the functional roles of epigenetics in the bioimpacts of NPs [23], many vital gaps still have to be filled, in the area of RNA m6 A modification

Summary

Introduction

As innovative nanotechnology has developed, nanoparticles (NPs), sized between 1 and 110 nm, have been created to improve the quality of life and are widely applied, including in household items, building materials, food products, cosmetic products, biomedical imaging, biomedical diagnostics, drug delivery and anticancer therapy [1,2,3]. NPs have potential toxicity, and constant exposure to NPs has increased risks of neurodegeneration, immunological diseases and even cancers [16,17,18]. It has been shown through the interactions between NPs and biomacromolecules, such as proteins, lipids and DNA, that NPs can cause inflammation, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress [19,20,21,22]. “erasers” and “readers” characterized, knowledge of its regulation and biofunctions is of great importance to better understand RNA modification This modification is associated with the fate of mRNA, indicating that it may have an essential role in exact posttranscriptional regulation during gene expression. The correlation between m6 A RNA modification and diseases indicates its potential application in toxicity- and medication-involved NPs

Dynamic Regulation of m6 A RNA Modification

A are demethylases and “Erasers”

Biofunctions of m6 A RNA Modification

Biological of m6A—Dysregulation in Cellularto

Detection

Conclusions and Outlook