Abstract
The impact of nanomaterials on lung fluids, or on the plasma membrane of living cells, has prompted researchers to examine the interactions between nanoparticles and lipid vesicles. Recent studies have shown that nanoparticle-lipid interaction leads to a broad range of structures including supported lipid bilayers (SLB), particles adsorbed at the surface or internalized inside vesicles, and mixed aggregates. Currently, there is a need to have simple protocols that can readily evaluate the structures made from particles and vesicles. Here we apply the method of continuous variation for measuring Job scattering plots and provide analytical expressions for the scattering intensity in various scenarios. The result that emerges from the comparison between experiments and modeling is that electrostatics play a key role in the association, but it is not sufficient to induce the formation of supported lipid bilayers.
Highlights
The emission of fine and ultrafine particulate matter in the environment is responsible for the increase of mortality and morbidity from cardiorespiratory diseases worldwide [1,2]
It is found that in the alveolar spaces, the nanoparticles first come into contact with the pulmonary surfactant, a fluid composed of lipids (90%) and proteins
Cryogenic transmission transmission electron electron microscopy microscopy images images obtained obtained from from nanoparticle-vesicle nanoparticle-vesicle association. (a) Silica nanoparticles coated with a supported lipid bilayer [17]; (b) gold particles association. (a) Silica nanoparticles coated with a supported lipid bilayer [17]; (b) gold particles embedded within the lipid membrane of a vesicle [31]; (c) silica particles adsorbed at the surface of a embedded within the lipid membrane of a vesicle [31]; (c) silica particles adsorbed at the surface of a vesicle [30]; (d) silica particles internalized inside the lipid compartment [32]; (e) aggregates of ZnO
Summary
The emission of fine and ultrafine particulate matter in the environment is responsible for the increase of mortality and morbidity from cardiorespiratory diseases worldwide [1,2]. It is found that in the alveolar spaces, the nanoparticles first come into contact with the pulmonary surfactant, a fluid composed of lipids (90%) and proteins (10%) which provides important functions in the lung physiology [5,6] This scenario prompted researchers to actively study the interactions between nanoparticles and lipid vesicles, typically with vesicular structures in the size range of 100 nm to 1 μm [7,8,9,10]. Another example where particles interact directly with biological membranes is the process of endocytosis [11].
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