Abstract
The nanoparticles (NP) count concentrations are limited in EU for all Diesel passenger cars since 2013 and for gasoline cars with direct injection (GDI) since 2014. For the particle number (PN) of MPI gasoline cars there are still no legal limitations. In the present paper some results of investigations of nanoparticles from five DI and four MPI gasoline cars are represented. The measurements were performed at vehicle tailpipe and in CVS-tunnel. Moreover, five variants of “vehicle – GPF” were investigated. The PN-emission level of the investigated GDI cars in WLTC without GPF is in the same range of magnitude very near to the actual limit value of 6.0 × 10^12 1/km. With the GPF’s with better filtration quality, it is possible to lower the emissions below the future limit value of 6.0 × 10^11 1/km. The modern MPI vehicles also emit a considerable amount of PN, which in some cases can attain the level of Diesel exhaust gas without DPF and can pass over the actual limit value for GDI (6.0 × 10^12 1/km). The GPF-technology offers in this respect further potentials to reduce the PN-emissions of traffic.
Highlights
The invisible nanoparticles (NP) from combustion processes penetrate into the human body through the respiratory and olfactory pathways and carry numerous harmful health effects potentials
Steady state operation (SSC) The considerations of particle size distributions at steady state operation give a basic view on the PNconcentrations at tailpipe and allow some reflections about the nanoparticle production
This is not a legal measuring procedure and the results do not have to be compared with the legal particle number (PN) limit values
Summary
The invisible nanoparticles (NP) from combustion processes penetrate into the human body through the respiratory and olfactory pathways and carry numerous harmful health effects potentials. Recent studies detected low-volatility particle fractions in the ultrafine size range when sampling was carried out according to PMP protocol at 300°C [5,6,7] These particles are suspected to be nucleated metal oxides originating from metal additives in lubrication oil or fuels [8,9,10,11]. The formation of this particulate fraction was especially observed when the soot content was low as in idle condition of diesel vehicles. This paper presents: comparisons of NP-emissions of five GDI vehicles and four MPI vehicles at steady state (SMPS) and at transient (CPC) operation, as well as the emissions reduction potentials with different gasoline particle filters (GPF’s) on some GDI cars
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