Abstract
Process and nanoparticle induced piezoelectric super toughened poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanohybrids have been demonstrated. The nanohybrids have been prepared by incorporating organically modified nanoclay through melt extrusion and solution route. The solution processed nanohybrid exhibit 1100% improvement in toughness as well as adequate stiffness as compared to pure PVDF without any trade-off. The structural and morphological origins of super toughening phenomena have been worked out. The unique crystallization behavior of PVDF on top of the silicate layers (β-phase, planar zigzag chain conformation, and subsequent polar γ-phase and α-phase as layered type) has been revealed to create an island type of structure, which in turn is responsible for greater toughness. The extent of piezoelectric β-phase has been enhanced by controlled stretching of the nanohybrid at moderately high temperature for better disentanglement, and 90% of the piezoelectric phase has been stabilized. The structural change ...
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