Abstract
This contribution highlights and compares some recent achievements in the use of k-space and real space imaging (scanning probe and wide-filed microscope techniques), when applied to a luminescent color center in diamond, known as nitrogen vacancy (NV) center. These techniques combined with the optically detected magnetic resonance of NV, provide a unique platform to achieve nanometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) resolution of nearby nuclear spins (known as nanoMRI), and nanometric NV real space localization.•Atomic size optically detectable spin probe.•High magnetic field sensitivity and nanometric resolution.•Non-invasive mapping of functional activity in neuronal networks.
Highlights
The probe combines high magnetic field sensitivity and nanometric resolution
Microwave sequences adapted from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods allow detecting alteration in nitrogen vacancy (NV) spin dephasing time originated from a dilute concentration of nuclear spins producing small magnetic field around the probe
Signal is made of a part associated to the initial radiofrequency pulse inducing magnetization of the spins, which constitutes the real image, and a part linked to the spins phase rotation f(r, t), that depends on space and time
Summary
A nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond [1,2,3] acts as an atomic size optically detectable electron spin probe with the ability to sense local small magnetic fields due to other electrons or nuclear spins at nanometric distance. This manuscript provides a summary of the latest works [1,2,3] showing nanoscale resolution in localizing NV in diamond with potential applications in magnetic resonance imaging of nuclear and electron spins One of these methods, FMI, uses the Fourier (or k-space) phase-encoding of the NV electronic spins in a diamond sensor and it has been applied to magnetic field sensing. STED and STORM imaging methods are achieving nanometric localization directly in real space, based on deterministic and stochastic localization of fluorophores These methods combined with NMR techniques have been applied to NV and potentially could provide nanoMRI capabilities and magnetic field sensitivity. The contribution discusses the further improvements of the technique including the use of atomic defects in a more probe fabrication friendly material such as SiC and concludes that the subject area is sufficiently mature to engineering a probe and developing a protocol for practical medical applications especially in neuroimaging
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