Abstract
In recent decades, nanotechnology has attracted major interests in view of drug delivery systems and therapies against diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and many others. Nanotechnology provides the opportunity for nanoscale particles or molecules (so called “Nanomedicine”) to be delivered to the targeted sites, thereby, reducing toxicity (or side effects) and improving drug bioavailability. Nowadays, a great deal of nano-structured particles/vehicles has been discovered, including polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Nanomedical utilizations have already been well developed in many different aspects, including disease treatment, diagnostic, medical devices designing, and visualization (i.e., cell trafficking). However, while quite a few successful progressions on chemotherapy using nanotechnology have been developed, the implementations of nanoparticles on stem cell research are still sparsely populated. Stem cell applications and therapies are being considered to offer an outstanding potential in the treatment for numbers of maladies. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are adult cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like state. Although the exact mechanisms underlying are still unclear, iPSCs are already being considered as useful tools for drug development/screening and modeling of diseases. Recently, personalized medicines have drawn great attentions in biological and pharmaceutical studies. Generally speaking, personalized medicine is a therapeutic model that offers a customized healthcare/cure being tailored to a specific patient based on his own genetic information. Consequently, the combination of nanomedicine and iPSCs could actually be the potent arms for remedies in transplantation medicine and personalized medicine. This review will focus on current use of nanoparticles on therapeutical applications, nanomedicine-based neuroprotective manipulations in patient specific-iPSCs and personalized medicine.
Highlights
In the past few decades, nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely investigated in a verity of research, such as drug delivery vehicles [1], targeting delivery [2], and imaging [3]
This review focuses on current applications of NPs in drug delivery and the progress of recent research on patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
Soldner et al were the first to generate human iPSCs from five idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients [84]. They verified the efficiency of human iPSCs generation through reprogramming-factor-free protocol, which excises the transgenes by Cre-recombinase and is capable to differentiate to functional dopaminergic neurons
Summary
In the past few decades, nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely investigated in a verity of research, such as drug delivery vehicles [1], targeting delivery [2], and imaging [3]. The high surface area of NPs is capable of carrying therapeutic agents or targeting moieties for drug delivery. By virtue of the development in brain targeting delivery systems, some drugs encapsulated by NPs that were conjugated with BBB targeting ligands can be transported directly into the brain [5]. -Improved stability of encapsulated drug, with better-controlled multilamellar liposomes. -Sustained drug delivery for 2 days with no initial burst release. This review focuses on current applications of NPs in drug delivery and the progress of recent research on patient-specific iPSCs. we point out the potential of nanotechnology as it relates to developing novel techniques on cell reprogramming, which in combination, would most likely provide a solution of personalized medicine against neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease
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