Nanomaterials in the mechanics of deformed solids on the example of rubber linings of drum ball mills

Abstract

Abstract. In the paper, the history of the origin and use of nanomaterials is studied with focusing on the most promising. It is stated that fullerenes discovered in 1985 have a positive effect on the condition and life expectancy of rodents and plants, and fullerenes are the most commonly used for modifying various materials. The main feature of fullerenes is their high reaction activity. They easily capture atoms of other substances and form materials with fundamentally new properties. Based on them, a new carbon stereochemistry was emerged, which allows the purposeful creation of new organic molecules and, consequently, substances with given shapes and properties. Fullerenes, at their small content, can significantly change the physical and mechanical properties of the material. An analysis of the literature in recent years has shown a significant expansion of the scope of fullerenes, as hundreds of papers and patents have been published and registered. During the work, the rubber, which is used for the manufacture of rubber linings for the first stage of grinding in ball drum mills with fullerene C60 in the amount of 0.05 wt.f, was modified. The research was carried out on laboratory samples of cylindrical shape with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 50 mm, as well as on rectangular samples made of lining plates, which had worked 9300 hours in a drum ball mill of the first stage of grinding. The hardness of the rubber was studied, which after modification became 5-7 % more elastic and is 68 units against the base 72 units. The effect of C60 fullerene on the physical and mechanical properties of rubber was established, namely rubber without modification after 9300 hours of operation became more rigid due to the rubber aging, but it should be noted that aging occurs within 25-27 %, which is a good indicator for the entire period operation; rubber modified with fullerene C60 is slightly softer than the reference rubber by an average of 15 %. After operation, the rubber modified with fullerene also became harder but by 15-18 %. All these figures indicate a fairly good composition of the rubber. Dissipation coefficient of the rubber modified with C60 fullerene was increased 20-25 %, which indicates an increase in the elasticity of rubber, and hence its survivability. Also, the studies shown good durability of the rubber modified with fullerene against thermal action: the samples, which were kept at a temperature of 100 (C for 72 hours, were aged by 20 %. Keywords: nanomaterials, fullerenes, modification, rubber mixture, rubber lining, grinding, mill, dissipation, dissipation coefficient, physical and mechanical properties, aging.