Nanomaterials in Plant Protection against Parasitic Nemates

Abstract

A review of current data on the effect of nanoparticles on phytoparasitic nematodes in the study in vitro and in planta and on plants infested with nematodes was carried out. Available data have shown that many nanoparticles of metals, metal oxides and non-metals have an effective nematicidal potential. According to the available data, NPs can have a direct toxic effect on nematodes, reduce the infection of plants during seed pretreatment or spraying, lead to inhibition of reproduction and development of the parasite in the roots, and their effectiveness may exceed known commercial nematicides. Some nanoparticles have an immunostimulatory effect on plants. Data on the mechanisms of action of NPs on nematodes are presented. An important mechanism for the toxicity of nanoparticles to nematodes may be the generation of reactive oxygen species (oxidative stress). Exposure to nanoparticles increased the expression of target genes involved in oxidative stress and DNA damage repair. A small number of works have dealt with nanonematicides, which in the form of nanocapsules have proven to be very effective against endoparasitic nematodes.