Abstract
Aerogels are one of the most interesting materials of the 21st century owing to their high porosity, low density, and large available surface area. Historically, aerogels have been used for highly efficient insulation and niche applications, such as interstellar particle capture. Recently, aerogels have made their way into the composite universe. By coupling nanomaterial with a variety of matrix materials, lightweight, high-performance composite aerogels have been developed for applications ranging from lithium-ion batteries to tissue engineering materials. In this paper, the current status of aerogel composites based on nanomaterials is reviewed and their application in environmental remediation, energy storage, controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosensing are discussed.
Highlights
Aerogels have become one of the most exciting materials of the 21st century
The first nanocellulose aerogel was demonstrated by Pääkkö et al, where a solution of cellulose nanofibers was formed into a gel and freeze-dried to fabricate aerogel structures
Flexible and binder-free lithium-ion type batteries (LIBs) anodes were fabricated through decorating electrodes, where they are mixed with electroactive species, such as TiO2 and MoS2, without the use bacterial cellulose nanofiber aerogels with nanoparticles of Fe3 O4 [177]
Summary
The unique processing strategy produces materials with extremely high porosities and low densities, high specific surface areas, high dielectric strengths, and low thermal conductivities [1,2] These properties have made aerogels novel and intriguing materials for applications in aerospace, energy generation and storage, biomedical devices and implants, sensors, and coatings [2]. Polymers 2019, 11, 726 metal chalcogenide nanoparticles were used as quantum dots to create semiconductor aerogels for photovoltaic and sensing applications [4] In another effort, synergistic composites of nanostructured aerogels and metal oxides were fabricated using atomic layer deposition for catalytic membranes and gas sensors [5]. Recent trends regarding the fabrication and utilization of nanomaterials in aerogels forcomposite photovoltaicaerogels and sensing applications General [4] In another effort, synergisticschemes composites high-performing are discussed.
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