Abstract
Skin aging is described as dermatologic changes either naturally occurring over the course of years or as the result of the exposure to environmental factors (e.g., chemical products, pollution, infrared and ultraviolet radiations). The production of collagen and elastin, the main structural proteins responsible for skin strength and elasticity, is reduced during aging, while their role in skin rejuvenation can trigger a wrinkle reversing effect. Elasticity loss, wrinkles, dry skin, and thinning are some of the signs that can be associated with skin aging. To overcome skin aging, many strategies using natural and synthetic ingredients are being developed aiming to reduce the signs of aging and/or to treat age-related skin problems (e.g., spots, hyper- or hypopigmentation). Among the different approaches in tissue regeneration, the use of nanomaterials loaded with cosmeceuticals (e.g., phytochemicals, vitamins, hyaluronic acid, and growth factors) has become an interesting alternative. Based on their bioactivities and using different nanoformulations as efficient delivery systems, several cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical products are now available on the market aiming to mitigate the signs of aged skin. This manuscript discusses the state of the art of nanomaterials commonly used for topical administration of active ingredients formulated in nanopharmaceuticals and nanocosmeceuticals for skin anti-aging.
Highlights
Nanotechnology stands for the production and use of materials at the nanoscale, which show physicochemical properties different from their bulk counterparts
Some substances involved in cell regulation are biological growth factors and, for example, kinetin, was shown to have potent antioxidant capacity, capable of protecting the skin against the oxidative damage caused by sunlight rays, is commonly used in cosmetic formulations as anti-aging [125]
Several typese.g., of nanomaterials, e.g., liposomes, niosomes, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN), Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC), gold nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions, have been proposed for the delivery of cosmetic ingredients, as they are liposomes, niosomes, SLN, NLC, gold nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions, have been proposed for the delivery of cosmetic ingredients, as they are produced from biocompatible materials
Summary
Nanotechnology stands for the production and use of materials at the nanoscale, which show physicochemical properties different from their bulk counterparts. Pharmaceutical ingredients to treat several skin pathologies Their size, smallnanoparticles size, nanoparticles may exhibit high reactivity andinduce can induce the production of. The loading of APIs in nanoparticles is a common strategy to for poorly water-soluble compounds Due to their enhanced surface area in contact with the improve their bioavailability in particular for poorly water-soluble compounds. Due to their skin, increased permeation of the skin to the compounds is expected. Besides bioavailability, enhanced surface area in contact with the skin, increased permeation of the skin to the compounds is the size of the particles is instrumental in defining the toxicological profile, in thedefining shelf life, and the expected. Toxicological profile, the shelf life, and the efficacy of the final nanoproduct
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