Abstract
In this work we report the synthesis of new hybrid nanomaterials in the core/shell/shell morphology, consisting of a magnetite core (Fe3O4) and two consecutive layers of oleic acid (OA) and phthalocyanine molecules, the latter derived from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). The synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticle was performed via co-precipitation procedure, followed by the nanoparticle coating with OA by hydrothermal method. The phthalocyanines anchorage on the Fe3O4/OA core/shell nanomaterial was performed by facile and effective sonication method. The as obtained Fe3O4/OA/phthalocyanine hybrids were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis and magnetic measurements. TEM showed round-shaped nanomaterials with sizes in the range of 12–15 nm. Nanomaterials presented saturation magnetization (Ms) in the 1–16 emu/g and superparamagnetic behavior. Furthermore, it was observed that the thermal stability of the samples was directly affected by the insertion of different transition metals in the ring cavity of the phthalocyanine molecule.
Highlights
Nanomaterials containing Fe3 O4 nanoparticles have received great attention due to their promising and multifunctional properties, besides potential medical applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and for cancer therapy [1], water treatment membranes [2], catalysis [3], magnetic separation [4]and detection DNA [5]
In the present study we report the successful synthesis of novel magnetic nanomaterials made by the combination of magnetite Fe3 O4 nanoparticles, with the surface functionalized in sequence with oleic acid and cardanol-derived phthalocyanines; the latter passivation is favored by Van der Waals interactions between alkyl chains
The spectra of other hybrids, based on different metal phthalocyanines (Fe3 O4 @oleic acid (OA)/CoPc, Fe3 O4 @OA/CuPc, Fe3 O4 @OA/Nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) and Fe3 O4 @OA/Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)) are virtually identical; bands between 2950 and 2850 cm−1 were assigned to the C–H bond stretching from aliphatic groups, and the bands at 1610 cm−1 to the aromatic C=C bonds stretching
Summary
Nanomaterials containing Fe3 O4 nanoparticles have received great attention due to their promising and multifunctional properties, besides potential medical applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and for cancer therapy [1], water treatment membranes [2], catalysis [3], magnetic separation [4]and detection DNA [5]. Phthalocyanines and their metal complexes have been considered versatile molecules, with remarkable optical and lasing properties, thermal and chemical stabilities [8], with maximum light absorption occurring in the visible region as well as being capable of producing singlet oxygen with high quantum yields [9]. They have shown several extents of applicability in the fields of solar cells [10], liquid crystals [11] and as systems for fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) [12]
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