Nanomaterials and Their Use in Biomedicine

Abstract

Nanomaterials have potential biomedical application such as imaging, targeted drug delivery, disease diagnosis, disease prevention, and controlled dug release. Some nanoparticles such as guar gum nanoparticles (GN) itself show anti-inflammatory and proregenerative properties, while others such as mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCN) act as potent delivery agents to fight inflammatory diseases. The graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles on the other hand are cost-effective and widely used for catalysis and drug delivery purposes. The fluorescent tagging of nanoparticles helps in monitoring the biodistribution and retention through imaging. The drug release is quantified by the release kinetics of nanoparticles and is dependent on the pH, biomaterial, electric field, magnetic field, and the route of administration. The diagnostic applications include imaging and use of biosensors in the field of biomedicines. Use of nanomaterials as dental adhesives and nanomaterials with DNA vaccine has been widely used for the disease prevention. The engineering of nanoparticle surfaces and their associated pharmacokinetics helps in the formation of immune safe biomedicine.