Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a primary cause of death globally. A few classic and hybrid treatments exist to treat CVDs. However, they lack in both safety and effectiveness. Thus, innovative nanomaterials for disease diagnosis and treatment are urgently required. The tiny size of nanomaterials allows them to reach more areas of the heart and arteries, making them ideal for CVDs. Atherosclerosis causes arterial stenosis and reduced blood flow. The most common treatment is medication and surgery to stabilize the disease. Nanotechnologies are crucial in treating vascular disease. Nanomaterials may be able to deliver medications to lesion sites after being infused into the circulation. Newer point‐of‐care devices have also been considered together with nanomaterials. For example, this study will look at the use of nanomaterials in imaging, diagnosing, and treating CVDs.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide
EPR may be beneficial for detecting pathological tissues, but it is necessary to keep in mind that the effect often occurs over longer time periods that may not be suitable for clinical diagnostic imaging [20]
PLGA NPs encased in RBC membranes (RBC/RAP@PLGA) have been described by Wang et al After treatment with this nanoplatform, the average area ratio of plaque to vascular lumen dropped from 47.95 percent to 31.34 percent, which was superior to the free medication group in terms of advancement of atherosclerosis [188]
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. CVD was responsible for the deaths of around 18.6 million persons globally in 2019 [1]. Traditional treatment options include operating the affected part for thrombosis and placing the artificial pacemaker for arrhythmia They were adequate to some extent of the population, but they are associated with lower patient compliance, including discomfort for a lifetime. To provide therapeutically effective tissue imaging, particles must accumulate in target tissues quickly, with little nonspecific uptake. These pharmacokinetic requirements for image generation vary by modality. Organic or iron nanoparticles that can be appropriately eliminated or digested have been authorized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [18] Despite their increased extravasation rate, tiny molecules enter tissues more deeply and wash out more rapidly than larger molecules. This review summarizes the key technologies that are being explored in this field
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