Abstract
Nanoparticles are becoming popular tools for optical and electrochemical biosensors; in this chapter we aim to provide a basic understanding of gold nanoparticles and quantum dots. We begin with the intrinsic properties of gold nanoparticles and quantum dots, and then extend into their novel applications in biosensing. The first half of the chapter focuses on gold nanoparticles and then shifts to quantum dots in the second half. In the first part, a short history of gold nanoparticles is followed by different gold nanoparticle synthesis methods. Different modification methods have facilitated the application of gold nanoparticles in biosensing; their variation in functions, characteristics, and advantages allow gold nanoparticles to take different roles in the qualitative and quantitative analysis associated with biosensors. In the second half of the chapter, we start with the current understanding of quantum dots, and then introduce the structural model and common modification techniques for biosensing applications. Different optical and electrochemical techniques are used in quantum dot-based DNA sensors and immunosensors.
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