Abstract
The emerging demand for wearable, lightweight portable devices has led to the development of new materials for flexible electronics using non‐rigid substrates. In this context, nanomaterial‐modified conducting paper (CP) represents a new concept that utilizes paper as a functional part in various devices. Paper has drawn significant interest among the research community because it is ubiquitous, cheap, and environmentally friendly. This review provides information on the basic characteristics of paper and its functionalization with nanomaterials, methodology for device fabrication, and their various applications. It also highlights some of the exciting applications of CP in point‐of‐care diagnostics for biomedical applications. Furthermore, recent challenges and opportunities in paper‐based devices are summarized.
Highlights
The emerging demand for wearable, lightweight portable devices has led to conventional laboratory assay methods
This review explores the recent developments in nanomaterials modified conducting paper (CP) for POC diagnostics
The recent development in conducting paper-based devices has demonstrated exciting results ranging from electronics, energy storage to various biomedical applications
Summary
Many materials including both organic and inorganic have been used to fabricate CP. The inorganic materials (metal, metal oxide, etc.) provide better electrical signal but are costly, and difficult to process. Siegel et al used a variety of metals (Al, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Sb, Sn, Ti, Ag, Bi, In, Au, and Pt) to produce electrical conductive pathways on paper and studied its electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, melting point, and cost, etc.[21] Besides this, organic materials can be utilized to make paper conducting.[22] A variety of techniques (depending on the material behavior) have been used to deposit conducting materials over the paper These include dip coating, printing, sputtering, spin-coating, etc. A Meyer rod–based method has been used to coat CNT and Ag nanowire ink on commercial Xerox paper.[30] The Meyer-rod is made of a stainless steel and a groove of certain diameter is present on it This helps in conformal coating of the slurrybased materials on a paper substrate. Difficult to get small size feature and the resolution is poor
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